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This chapter gives an overview of the various ways in which you may customize a live system.
As opções de configuração do sistema Live são divididas em opções de tempo de compilação que são as opções aplicadas em tempo de compilação e opções de tempo de inicialização que são aplicadas em tempo de inicialização. Opções de inicialização são divididas naquelas que ocorrem em início do inicialização, aplicadas pelo pacote live-boot e aquelas que acontecem no final da inicialização, aplicadas pelo live-config. Qualquer opção de inicialização pode ser modificada pelo usuário, especificando a no prompt de inicialização. A imagem também pode ser construída com os parâmetros de inicialização padrão para que os usuários possam normalmente apenas inicializar diretamente pelo sistema live, sem especificar quaisquer opções quando todos os padrões são adequados. Em particular, o argumento para lb --bootappend-live consiste de quaisquer opções padrão de kernel de linha de comando para o sistema live, tais como persistência, layouts de teclado, ou fuso horário. Veja Personalizando local e linguagem, por exemplo.
Build-time configuration options are described in the lb config man page. Boot-time options are described in the man pages for live-boot and live-config. Although the live-boot and live-config packages are installed within the live system you are building, it is recommended that you also install them on your build system for easy reference when you are working on your configuration. It is safe to do so, as none of the scripts contained within them are executed unless the system is configured as a live system.
The build process is divided into stages, with various customizations applied in sequence in each. The first stage to run is the bootstrap stage. This is the initial phase of populating the chroot directory with packages to make a barebones Debian system. This is followed by the chroot stage, which completes the construction of chroot directory, populating it with all of the packages listed in the configuration, along with any other materials. Most customization of content occurs in this stage. The final stage of preparing the live image is the binary stage, which builds a bootable image, using the contents of the chroot directory to construct the root filesystem for the Live system, and including the installer and any other additional material on the target medium outside of the Live system's filesystem. After the live image is built, if enabled, the source tarball is built in the source stage.
Within each of these stages, there is a particular sequence in which commands are applied. These are arranged in such a way as to ensure customizations can be layered in a reasonable fashion. For example, within the chroot stage, preseeds are applied before any packages are installed, packages are installed before any locally included files are copied, and hooks are run later, after all of the materials are in place.
Although lb config creates a skeletal configuration in the config/ directory, to accomplish your goals, you may need to provide additional files in subdirectories of config/. Depending on where the files are stored in the configuration, they may be copied into the live system's filesystem or into the binary image filesystem, or may provide build-time configurations of the system that would be cumbersome to pass as command-line options. You may include things such as custom lists of packages, custom artwork, or hook scripts to run either at build time or at boot time, boosting the already considerable flexibility of debian-live with code of your own.
Os capítulos seguintes são organizados pelos tipos de personalização de tarefas que os usuários normalmente executam: Personalizar a instalação de pacote, Personalizar conteúdos, e Personalizar localizade e linguagem cobrem apenas algumas das coisas que você pode querer fazer.